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宇宙万物——之一
春者天之本怀，秋者天之别调。
（袁）江中﹡曰：得春气者，人之本怀；得秋气者，人之别调。
天外曰：此是透彻性命关头语。
﹡上文人生一节中“酒可好，不可骂座”一条，有批注者袁中江，与此批注者岂非一人？
Spring is the natural disposition of Heaven [the creator]; autumn
is one of its varying moods.
Chiangchung: Men also share the natural disposition of spring, and
sometimes also the varying moods of autumn.
Tienwai: This goes to the very heart of the universe and of the
human spirit.
宇宙万物——之二
古人以冬为三馀，余谓当以夏为三馀。晨起者夜之馀，夜坐者昼之馀，午睡者应酬人事之馀。
古人诗曰，“我爱夏日长”，洵不诬也。
The ancient people regarded winter as the “extra” period of rest of
the other three seasons. I think summer may also be considered to
have three “extras” or rest periods: the summer morn is the “extra”
of the night, the evening talks are the “extra” of the day’s
activities, and the siesta is an “extra” period for rest from
seeing people. It is indeed true as the poet says, “ I love the
livelong summer day.”
宇宙万物——之三
诗文之体得秋气为佳，词曲之体得春气为佳。
含徵曰：调有惨澹，悲伤者亦须相称。
Prose and poetry are best when they have the spirit of autumn;
drama and love ditties are best when they reflect the mood of
spring.
Hanchen: Autumn is the tragic mood, but the expression_r of sadness
should come naturally.
宇宙万物——之四
雨之为物，能令昼短，能令夜长。
This thing called rain can make the days short and the night
long.
宇宙万物——之五
春雨宜读书，夏雨宜奕棋，秋雨宜检藏，冬雨宜饮酒。
星远曰：四时惟秋雨最难听。然予谓无分今雨旧雨，听之要皆宜于饮也。
A rainy day in spring is suitable for reading; a rainy day in
summer for playing chess; a rainy day in autumn for going over
things in the trunks or in the attic; and that in winter for a good
drink.
Shingyuan: Among rains in the four seasons, that in autumn is most
difficult to bear. But
irrespective of season, the sound of rain is always good for a
drink.
宇宙万物——之六
春雨如恩诏，夏雨如赦书，秋雨如挽歌。
竹坡曰：赦书太多，亦不甚妙。
A spring rain is like an imperial edict conferring an honor, a
summer rain like a writ of pardon, and an autumn rain like a
dirge.
Chupo: One can have too much of writs of pardon.
宇宙万物——之七
春风如酒，夏风如茗，秋风如烟，冬风如姜芥。
Spring wind is like wine, summer wind is like tea, autumn wind is
like smoke, and winter wind is like ginger or mustard.
宇宙万物——之八
云之为物，或崔巍如山，或潋滟如水，或如人，或如兽，或如鸟毳，或如鱼鳞，故天下万物
皆可画，惟云不能画。世所画云，亦强名耳。
竹坡曰：云有反面正面，有阴阳向背，有层次内外。细观其与日相映，则知其明处乃一面，
暗处又一面。尝谓古今无一画云手，不谓《幽梦影》中先得我心。
The cloud is ever changeful, sometimes piled up like high cliffs,
sometimes translucent like water, and sometimes it resembles human
beings or beasts or fish scales or feathers. That is why clouds are
impossible to paint. The so-called paintings of clouds do not quite
resemble clouds.
Chupo: There are front and back and inside and outside among the
layers of clouds. One side may be facing the sun and is bright,
while the other is dark. It is true that there has never been a
painter famous for painting clouds.
宇宙万物——之九
新月恨其易沉，缺月恨其迟上。
（孔）东塘曰：我唯以月之迟早，为睡之迟早耳。
松坪曰：第勿使浮云点缀尘滓太清足矣。
青若曰：天道忌盈。沉与迟，请君勿恨。
One hates the new moon for its declining early and the
third-quarter moon for its rising late.
Tungtang: I can regulate my sleeping hours in accordance with its
rising and decline.
Sungping: Rather the things to look out for are the clouds which
may obscure it.
Chingjo: It is the nature of the universe to go in cycles. Please
do not hate its slownessin rising or its decline.
宇宙万物——之十
月下谈禅，旨趣益远；月下说剑，肝胆益真；月下论诗，风致益幽；月下对美人，情意益笃。
（袁）士旦曰：溽暑中赴华筵，冰雪中应考试，阴雨中对道学先生，与此况味何如？
This is what the moonlight does: it makes a conversation on Shan
[Zen] seem more spiritual and ethereal, a talk about swordsmanship
seem more romantic, a discussion of poetry more charming, and a
woman more enchanting.
Shihtan: In contrast, imagine attending a formal dinner on a hot
day, sitting for an examination on a snowy day, and facing a
puritanical scholar on a dark, rainy day!
宇宙万物——之十一
春听鸟声，夏听蝉声，秋听虫声，冬听雪声，白昼听棋声，月下听箫声，山中听松声，水际
听欸乃声，方不虚此生耳。若恶少斥辱，悍妻诟谇，真不若耳聋也。
竹坡曰：久客者，欲听儿辈读书声，了不可得。
One does not live in vain to have heard the bird songs in spring,
the cicada’s song in summer, the insects’ chirp in autumn, and the
sound of crunching snow in winter, and furthermore, to have heard
the sound of chess in daytime, the sound of flute in moonlight, the
sound of winds whistling through the pines in the mountains, and
the sound of rowing oars from across the water. As for the noise of
fighting youths and scolding wives, one would be better off if one
were deaf.
Chupo: One who has lived away from home for long yearns for the
sound of one’s children
reciting their lessons.
宇宙万物——之十二
闻鹅声如在白门，闻橹声如在三吴，闻滩声如在浙江，闻赢马项下铃铎声，如在长安道上。
晋人曰：南无观世音菩萨摩诃萨。
永清曰：众音寂灭时，又作么生话会。
The sound of geese makes one think of Nanking, that of creaking
oars reminds one of the Kiangsu lake district; the sound of rapids
makes one feel like being in Chekiang, and the sound of bells on
horses’ necks suggests travel on the road to Chang-an [in the
northwest].
Chinjen: Namo Kuanshihyin Bodhisattva Mahasattva! [Means
“hallelujah!”]
Yungching: And when all noises of the world stop?
宇宙万物——之十三
凡声皆宜远听，惟听琴则远近皆宜。
名友曰：松涛声、瀑布声、箫笛声、潮声、读书声、钟声、梵声，皆宜远听；惟琴声、度曲
声、雪声，非至近不能得其离合抑扬之妙。
天池曰：凡色皆宜近看，惟山色远近皆宜。
All sounds are better listened to from a distance, but that of the
string instrument chin is an exception.
Mingyu: Sounds of the pine forest, a waterfall, a flute, surfs, the
sound of reading, and temple bells and singing of litany should be
listened to from a distance. But the nuances of chin notes, of
singing, and of falling snow can be appreciated only when heard
close by.
Tienchih: All colors are at their best when looked at close by, but
the colors of mountainsides are beautiful whether seen from a
distance or close by.
宇宙万物——之十四
松下听琴，月下听箫，涧边听瀑布，山中听梵呗，觉耳中别有不同。
竹坡曰：其不同处，有难于向不知者道。
永清曰：识得不同二字，方许享此清听。
There is a difference when listening to the chin under a pine tree,
to a flute under the moonlight, to a waterfall along a stream, and
a Buddhist service up in the mountains.
Chupo: This difference is difficult to describe.
Yungching: But it is important to know the difference.
宇宙万物——之十五
鸟声之最佳者，画眉第一，黄鹂、百舌次之，然黄鹂、百舌，世未有笼而畜之者，其殆高士
之俦，可闻而不可屈者耶？
云士曰：“黄鹂住久浑相识，欲别频啼四五声。”来去有情，正不必笼而畜之也。
The best bird songs are those of the thrush, and next to them those
of the oriole and the blackbird. But the latter two have never been
cage birds. Perhaps they have the soul of high-minded
scholars---they can be heard, but not kept.
Yunshih: “The oriole has now become familiar with us, and when it
departs, it makes four or five cries, ” says a poem. This seems to
indicate a feeling on the part of the bird. There is no need to
cage it.
宇宙万物——之十六
水之为声有四：有瀑布声，有流泉声，有滩声，有沟浍声。风之为声有三：有松涛声，有秋
叶声，有波浪声。雨之为声有二：有梧叶荷叶上声，有承檐溜竹筒中声。
There are four kinds of noise made by water: in a cataract, in a
spring, over rapids, and in ditches. Three kinds of noise made by
winds: those of “pine surfs”(the whistle of winds over pine forests
as heard from a distance), of autumn leaves, and of waves. Two
kinds of noise made by rains: that of drops on plane leaves and
lotus leaves, and of rain water coming down drainpipes into bamboo
pails.
宇宙万物——之十七
目不能自见，鼻不能自嗅，舌不能自舐，手不能自握，惟耳能自闻其声。
弟木山曰：岂不闻心不在焉，听而不闻乎。兄其诳我哉。
竹坡曰：心能自信。
释师昂曰：古德云，眉与目不相识，只为太近。
The eye cannot see itself, the nose does not smell itself, the
tongue cannot taste itself, the hand cannot clasp itself. Only the
ear can hear itself.
[Younger brother] Mushan: It is the mind that hears it.
Chupo: The mind can have confidence in itself.
[Monk] Shih-an: An ancient saying goes, “The eye and the eyebrow
never get acquainted with
each other, because they are too close.”
宇宙万物——之十八
为月忧云，为书忧蠹，为花忧风雨，为才子佳人忧命薄，真是菩萨心肠。
淡心曰：洵如君言亦安有乐时耶？
松坪曰：所谓君子有终身之忧者耶？
（黄）交三曰：“为才子佳人忧命薄”一语，真令人泪湿青衫。
竹坡曰：第四忧，恐命薄者消受不起。
含徵曰：我读此书时，不免为蟹忧雾。
竹坡又曰：含徵此言，直是为自己忧蟹耳。
悔庵曰：杞人忧天，无乃类是。
It shows the heart of Buddha (misericordia) to worry about clouds
with the moon, about moths
with books, about winds and rains with flowers, and to sympathize
with beautiful women and
brilliant poets about their harsh fate.
Tanshin: In that case, one has not a moment’s peace of mind.
Sungping: A gentleman has deeper worries.
Chiaosan: To sympathize with the harsh fate of beautiful women and
brilliant poets---this makes one want to cry.
Chupo: The beauties and the poets will never thank you
enough.
Hanchen: After reading this, I begin to worry about the fog with
the crabs.
Chupo again: Hanchen is really worrying about himself not having
crabs.
Huei-an: These are all far-fetched, like the man of Chi who worried
that some day the sky might fall down.
宇宙万物——之十九
花不可以无蝶，山不可以无泉，石不可以无苔，水不可以无藻，乔木不可以无藤萝，人不可
以无癖。
（黄）石闾曰：事到可传皆具癖，正谓此耳。
It is absolutely necessary for flowers to have butterflies, for
hills to have springs, for rocks to be accompanied by moss, for
water to have watercress in it, for tall trees to have creepers,
and for a man to have hobbies.
Shihlu: It is true that “all things that have come to stay
originate with someone’s hobby”.
宇宙万物——之二十
赏花宜对佳人，醉月宜对韵人，映雪宜对高人。
淡心曰：花即佳人，月即韵人，雪即高人。既已赏花醉月映雪，即与对佳人韵人高人无异也。
含徵曰：若对此君仍大嚼，世间那有扬州鹤。
竹坡曰：聚花月雪于一时，合佳韵高为一人，吾当不赏而心醉矣。
See flowers in the company of beautiful women; drink under the moon
with charming friends;
take a stroll in the snow with high-minded persons.
Tanshin: The flower itself is a beauty, the moon is a charming
spirit, and snow itself is the incarnation of purity of heart. So
one can enjoy them just as if they were a beauty, a charming
spirit, and a pure-hearted saint even when alone.
Hanchen: Except that to gorge oneself with rich food at such
moments would be contradictory in spirit. One should not dream of
riding on a stork and visiting Yangchow [being a fairy and enjoying
worldly luxury at the same time].
Chupo: To have these material conditions and such good company at
the same time can make one
drunk with happiness without wine.
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